Zihao Ding (丁子豪)

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PhD Student,
McComish Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
South Dakota State University
Daktronics Engineering Hall 214, Box 2222
Brookings, SD 57007
Email: Zihao.Ding [@] jacks.sdstate.edu
Google Scholar (Citations: 257, h-index: 9, i10-index: 9) | GitHub

About me

Zihao Ding received his B.S. degree in Electronic and Information Engineering from Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China, in 2025. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD degree in Computer Science at the McComish Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA (Advisor: Prof. Jun Huang). His research interests include Machine Unlearning, Federated Learning, Federated Unlearning, Continual Learning, LLM Agents, Quantum Federated Learning, Game Theory, Mobile Edge Computing, Wireless Networks.

News

  • October 2026: (Workshop) Our work “ERRAND: Budgeted Maintenance of Agent Memory” was accepted by the NeurIPS 2026 Workshop on Towards Test-Time Continual Learning Agents (TTCL).

  • August 2026: (Journal) Our work “RELIEF: Turning Missing Modalities into Training Acceleration for Federated Learning on Heterogeneous IoT Edge” was accepted by IEEE Internet of Things Journal (IoTJ).

  • August 2026: (Journal) Our work “PRISM: Exposing and Resolving Spurious Isolation in Federated Multimodal Continual Learning” was accepted by IEEE Transactions on Multimedia (TMM).

  • June 2026: (Magazine) Our work “Toward Trustworthy Federated Unlearning for Mobile Autonomous Systems” was accepted by IEEE Network.

  • June 2026: (Journal) Our work “Combating Knowledge Diversity and Catastrophic Forgetting in UAV-Assisted Collaborative Vehicular Learning: A Game-Theoretic Approach” was accepted for publication in ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS).

  • April 2026: (Conference) Our work “SCALE: Sensitivity-Aware Federated Unlearning with Information Freshness Optimization for Mobile Edge Computing” was accepted by IEEE ICDCS 2026.

  • March 2026: (Conference) Our work “Securing Smart Agriculture with Communication-Efficient Federated Unlearning” was accepted by IEEE HPSR 2026. Congratulations to Ujjwal!

  • January 2026: (Journal) Our work “A Review of Continual Learning in Edge AI” was accepted by IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering (TNSE).

  • December 2025: (Journal) Our work “A Stochastic Geometry-Based Analysis of SWIPT-Assisted Underlaid Device-to-Device Energy Harvesting” was accepted by ACM Applied Computing Review.

  • November 2025: (Conference) Our work “A Dual-Level Game-Theoretic Approach for Collaborative Learning in UAV-Assisted Heterogeneous Vehicle Networks” won the Best Paper Award at IEEE IPCCC 2025.

  • November 2025: (Conference) Our work “Learning to Defend: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework for Stackelberg Security Game in Mobile Edge Computing” was accepted by IEEE ICNC 2026.

  • August 2025: (Conference) Our work “A Dual-Level Game-Theoretic Approach for Collaborative Learning in UAV-Assisted Heterogeneous Vehicle Networks” was accepted by IEEE IPCCC 2025.

Background

  • South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA (2025 - present)
    PhD student, Computer Science
    Advisor: Prof. Jun Huang

  • Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China (2021 - 2025)
    Bachelor of Engineering, Electronic and Information Engineering

First-Author Papers

ATONE: symptom-driven unlearning in a federated vehicular network
Initiating Removal from Operational Symptoms in Federated Vehicular Networks
Zihao Ding, Jun Huang, Qiang Duan
Preprint, 2026
Connected vehicles train a driving model by federated learning, so a faulty contribution usually
surfaces only as a delayed symptom on the road, naming neither the vehicle nor the round. ATONE (our method)
makes unlearning a term of the aggregation rule: it projects driving errors and reported symptoms
onto a subspace of recent global increments, scores every contribution in one backward pass, and
suppresses suspected effects each round before a one-round probe confirms which to eliminate.
HERD: knowledge lineage and delta-closure under mutual distillation
Tracing Knowledge Lineage for Federated Unlearning under Mutual Distillation [PDF]
Zihao Ding, Jun Huang, Guodong Wang
arXiv:2610.19072, 2026 (Preprint)
An edge server and nearby devices train language models of different sizes by mutual distillation,
so correcting one model is not enough — the students that copied the removed knowledge teach it
back on their next upload. HERD (our method) reads a knowledge lineage graph off the transfers the server already
performs, counts how many times each residual will be copied, and corrects the cheapest set of
holders that bounds what survives.
SWEEP: structured deletion units on a channel knowledge map
Structuring and Merging Deletion Demands on Crowdsourced Channel Knowledge Maps
Zihao Ding, Jun Huang
Preprint, 2026
A channel knowledge map built from uplink pilots has to forget the measurements a fault corrupted,
but dropping the whole terminal throws away its good ones and the raw reports are long gone. SWEEP (our method)
names what to forget as a structured deletion unit over terminals, rounds, grids and bands, clears
the matching ledger blocks, re-sounds the affected grids, and merges pending demands so that one
campaign serves several.
SHADE: classical-shadow unlearning for quantum federated learning
Federated Unlearning of Quantum Data via Classical Shadows [PDF]
Zihao Ding, Jun Huang, Cong-cong Xing
arXiv:2610.19077, 2026 (Preprint)
Quantum federated learning cannot replay the data it is asked to forget, because a quantum state is
consumed when it is measured and cannot be cloned. SHADE (our method) has each node record a classical shadow of
every training state as training happens, estimates the gradient and curvature of the forget data
from those shadows at any later parameters, and removes their effect with a federated Newton
correction. Only classical estimates cross the network.
MUTE: influence echo in a self-improving federated agent network
When Unlearning Fails: Reliable Data Deletion under Post-Training in Agent Networks [PDF]
Zihao Ding, Jun Huang, Liang Dong
arXiv:2607.28829, 2026 (Preprint)
Self-improving agent networks keep training after deployment, so deleted data can echo back
through the trajectories collected in later rounds. MUTE (our method) estimates that downstream influence
from a lightweight server ledger, clears the current residue with a forget–retain update,
and contains high-influence retained trajectories so the echo does not return.
EASE framework overview
EASE: Federated Multimodal Unlearning via Entanglement-Aware Anchor Closure [PDF]
Zihao Ding, Beining Wu, Jun Huang
arXiv:2605.00733, 2026 (Preprint)
Forgotten image–text alignments survive federated unlearning through three residual anchors.
EASE (our method) closes each one: bilateral displacement of the visual and language branches,
Cosine–Sine decomposition that isolates forget-exclusive update directions,
and a direction-selective Forget Lock that bounds residual drift across rounds.
TiLP hardware testbed
Application-Aware Twin-in-the-Loop Planning for Federated Split Learning over Wireless Edge Networks [PDF]
Zihao Ding, Beining Wu, Jun Huang, Shiwen Mao
arXiv:2604.26105, 2026 (Preprint)
Federated split learning at the wireless edge couples bandwidth, power, split-layer placement,
compression and terminal participation under per-round deadline and memory limits. TiLP (our method) scores
candidate decisions in a cross-domain digital twin — network, training and task sub-twins,
each calibrated at its own time scale — before committing them to the real system.
FedSLU testbed results
Toward Trustworthy Federated Unlearning for Mobile Autonomous Systems [PDF]
Zihao Ding, Jun Huang
IEEE Network, 2026
Wireless federated learning on mobile autonomous systems has to delete data without taking the
service down. FedSLU (our method) locates the layers that carry the target knowledge by tracking weight
cluster drift, retrains sparsely on retained data, and overwrites those layers with low-rank
updates, while dual pipelines keep learning and unlearning running concurrently.
SCALE framework overview
SCALE: Sensitivity-Aware Federated Unlearning with Information Freshness Optimization for Mobile Edge Computing [PDF]
Zihao Ding, Beining Wu, Jun Huang
IEEE ICDCS, 2026
Unlearning at the mobile edge is usually coarse and ignores how stale the remaining knowledge is.
SCALE (our method) works at two levels: historical contribution analysis pinpoints the layers a departing
client shaped most, then adaptive sparsification edits weight subgroups inside them,
trading information freshness against forgetting strength.
  1. Z. Ding, J. Huang, Y. Zhao, Z. Cai, “Combating Knowledge Diversity and Catastrophic Forgetting in UAV-Assisted Collaborative Vehicular Learning: A Game-Theoretic Approach”, ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS), 2026. [PDF]

  2. Z. Ding, J. Huang, J. Qi, “Learning to Defend: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework for Stackelberg Security Game in Mobile Edge Computing”, International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2026. [PDF] | [Code]

  3. Z. Ding, J. Huang, Q. Duan, C. Zhang, Y. Zhao, S. Gu, “A Dual-Level Game-Theoretic Approach for Collaborative Learning in UAV-Assisted Heterogeneous Vehicle Networks”, IPCCC, 2025. (Best Paper Award, 1/34/147) [PDF]

Co-Author Papers

  1. B. Wu, Z. Ding, J. Huang, “ERRAND: Budgeted Maintenance of Agent Memory”, NeurIPS Workshop on Towards Test-Time Continual Learning Agents (TTCL), 2026. [PDF]

  2. B. Wu, Z. Ding, J. Huang, “Not All Experience Belongs in the Weights: Component Routing for Self-Improving GUI Agents”, arXiv, 2026. (Preprint) [PDF]

  3. B. Wu, Z. Ding, J. Huang, Y. Zhao, “Forget to Improve: On-Device LLM-Agent Continual Learning via Budget-Curated Memory”, arXiv, 2026. (Preprint) [PDF]

  4. B. Wu, Z. Ding, J. Huang, “RELIEF: Turning Missing Modalities into Training Acceleration for Federated Learning on Heterogeneous IoT Edge”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal (IoTJ), 2026. [PDF]

  5. B. Wu, Z. Ding, J. Huang, “PRISM: Exposing and Resolving Spurious Isolation in Federated Multimodal Continual Learning”, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia (TMM), 2026. [PDF]

  6. B. Wu, Z. Ding, J. Huang, “A Review of Continual Learning in Edge AI”, IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering (TNSE), 2026. [PDF]

  7. C. Xing, Z. Ding, J. Huang, “A Stochastic Geometry-Based Analysis of SWIPT-Assisted Underlaid Device-to-Device Energy Harvesting”, ACM Applied Computing Review (ACR), 2025. [PDF]

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